Extension > Food > Food Safety > Sanitation and illness > Take food allergies seriously
Take food allergies seriously
Eating is an enjoyable experience for most of us, but it can be frightening and even life threatening for people with food allergies.
A harmful reaction to a food can be a result of a food allergy or a food intolerance. Allergies and intolerances are not the same. Food intolerances, such as lactose intolerance, are often due to an enzyme deficiency and cause problems with digestion. An intolerance does not involve the immune system. A true food allergy is the body's negative reaction to a particular food protein. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly believes a food is harmful.
Any food has the potential to cause a reaction in a person who is allergic to that food, but only eight foods are responsible for 90 percent of all food allergic reactions. They are: milk, eggs, peanuts, soy, wheat, tree nuts (walnuts, almonds), fish and shellfish (shrimp, lobster).
The number of Americans with food allergies has increased from approximately 6 million to 12 million in recent years. Although there are many theories, we do not yet fully understand the causes of this increase. Peanut allergy in children has doubled in the last 5 years!
Food allergy symptoms can range from a tingling in the mouth, swelling of lips, tongue and throat, difficulty breathing, hives, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea and loss of consciousness, to death. Perhaps 150 to 250 Americans die each year from food allergy reactions.
To prevent a reaction, avoid:
- combination foods like soups and casseroles (hard to trace all ingredients)
- buffet tables (potential cross contamination)
- desserts (nuts may be in unexpected places)
- inhaling vapors from cooking and baking of the allergen. For some peanut sensitive people, dust released from opening a peanut shell can cause a reaction
- using the same serving utensil for several foods, or allowing other opportunities for cross-contamination. Store, prepare and serve potential food allergens away from other food
Also remember:
- to read ingredient labels. Identify ingredients that may cause a reaction. For example, people with a milk allergy must avoid foods that contain cheese, whey, rennet casein, artificial butter flavor, etc
- when eating away from home, ask about ingredients and cooking methods used
- to clean equipment/utensils that may have touched the allergen
- only one bite of the wrong food can lead to serious illness or even death!
Presently, there is no cure for food allergies. The only way to avoid a reaction is a complete avoidance of the allergy-causing food.
Find more information at: The Food Allergy & Anaphylaxis Network (FAAN), www.foodallergy.org
Reviewed by Kathy Brandt, University of Minnesota Extension educator, 2013.
